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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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libya.3
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Government
Long-form name: Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
Type: Jamahiriya (a state of the masses); in theory, governed
by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military
dictatorship.
Capital: Tripoli.
Administrative divisions: 46 municipalities (baladiyat,
singular--baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al Abyar, Al Aziziyah, Al
Bayda, Al Jufrah, Al Jumayl, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, Al Marj,
Al Qarabulli, Al Qubbah, Al Ujaylat, Ash Shati, Awbari,
Az Zahra, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Bani Walid, Bin Jawwad,
Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Ghat, Jadu, Jalu, Janzur, Masallatah,
Misratah, Mizdah, Murzuq, Nalut, Qaminis, Qasr Bin Ghashir,
Sabha, Sabratah, Shahhat, Surman, Surt, Tajura, Tarabulus,
Tarhunah, Tubruq, Tukrah, Yafran, Zlitan, Zuwarah; note--the
number of municipalities may have been reduced to 13 named
Al Jabal al-Akhdar, Al Jabal al-Gharbi, Al Jabal al-Khums,
Al Batnam, Al Kufrah, Al Marqab, Al Marzuq, Az Zawiyah,
Banghazi, Khalij Surt, Sabha, Tripoli, Wadi al-Hayat.
Independence: 24 December 1951 (from Italy).
Constitution: 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977.
Legal system: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic
law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision
for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.
National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 September (1969).
Executive branch: revolutionary leader, chairman of the
General People's Committee, General People's Committee (cabinet).
Legislative branch: unicameral General People's Congress.
Judicial branch: Supreme Court.
Leaders:
Chief of State--Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar
al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969);
Head of Government--Chairman of the General People's Committee
(Premier) Umar Mustafa al-MUNTASIR (since 1 March 1987).
Political parties and leaders: none.
Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18.
Elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy
of revolutionary committees.
Communists: no organized party, negligible membership.
Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nationalist
movements and the Arab Socialist Resurrection (Ba'th) party
with almost negligible memberships may be functioning
clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements.
Member of: AfDB, Arab League, CCC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
IDA, IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG.
Diplomatic representation: none.
Flag: plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam
(the state religion).